Toward safer thanatopraxy cares: formaldehyde‐releasers use

Human cadavers constitute very useful educational tools to teach anatomy in medical scholarship and related disciplines such as physiology, for example. However, as biological material, human body is subjected to decay. Thanatopraxy cares such as embalming have been developed to slow down and inhibit this decay, but the formula used for the preservation fluids are mainly formaldehyde (FA)‐based. Very recently, other formulas were developed in order to replace FA, and to avoid its toxicity leading to important environmental and professional exposure concerns. However, these alternative FA‐free fluids are still not validated or commercialized, and their efficiency is still under discussion. In this context, the use of FA‐releasing substances, already used in the cosmetics industry, may offer interesting alternatives in order to reduce professional exposures to FA. Simultaneously, the preservation of the body is still guaranteed by FA generated over time from FA‐releasers. The aim of this review is to revaluate the use of FA in thanatopraxy cares, to present its benefits and disadvantages, and finally to propose an alternative to reduce FA professional exposure during thanatopraxy cares thanks to FA‐releasers use.     

长期血液透析对慢性肾衰竭患者肾性贫血、营养状态及炎症因子水平的影响

目的分析长期血液透析对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者肾性贫血、营养状态及炎症因子水平的影响。方法选取2016年4月至2018年4月我院行血液透析治疗的CRF患者95例,依据血液透析治疗时间将其分为观察组(透析时间>4个月,n=55)、对照组(透析时间在2~4个月,n=40),比较两组透析前、透析结束时肾功能[β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿素(UA)、血肌酐(Cr)、肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)]、肾性贫血相关指标[铁调素、铁蛋白(SF)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)、血红蛋白(Hb)]、营养状态[总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、钙磷含量]、炎症因子水平[白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]。结果两组透析后血清β2-MG、UA、Cr及尿液中KIM-1水平均下降,观察组透析后各指标下降幅度小于对照组(P<0.05);透析后两组肾性贫血、营养状态指标基本改善,但观察组透析后铁调素、EPO、Alb不升反降,且观察组铁调素、SF、EPO、Hb、TP、Alb、钙含量均低于对照组,而磷含量高于对照组(P<0.05);透析后观察组血清IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血液透析可较好改善CRF患者肾功能,纠正其肾性贫血、营养不良状态,降低炎症因子水平,但长期透析治疗可能加重肾性贫血及不良营养状态,应规范透析治疗方案,在透析期间加以监测。     

Successes and failures of uterine leiomyoma drug discovery

Introduction: To-date, the only cure for symptomatic uterine fibroids (UFs) is surgical intervention. However, surgery may eliminate the hope of future pregnancies; moreover, the intrinsic risks of surgery make it a less favorable to women with UFs. Because of this, conservative medical therapies have become an attractive and prior option for those women. Leuprolide acetate (LA), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, is the only pharmacological agent currently approved for the short-term and pre-operative management of symptomatic UFs in the USA.

Areas covered: This systematic review covers the successes and failures of prominent drugs that have been researched for UFs in the past and agents that have shown promise in recent clinical trials. The most recent clinical trials and advances in drug therapy are presented in a comprehensive overview outlining the direction UF drug discovery is heading.

Expert opinion: Experts in the field are already on the forefront leading the responsibility to uncover potential drugs as long term fertility friendly viable options for non-invasive treatment/prevention of UFs. Indeed, a shift in the UF management is expected in the future.     

C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles

Background

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the global burden of disease by particularly affecting cardiovascular (CV) causes of death. We investigated the association between particle number concentration (PNC), a marker for ultrafine particles, and other air pollutants and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a potential link between air pollution and CV disease.

多囊卵巢综合征远期并发症及防治的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄期女性最常见的生殖内分泌疾病,随着年龄的增加,其内分泌紊乱的严重程度可日趋加重。胰岛素抵抗和高雄激素血症作为PCOS的重要病理特征可诱导一系列远期并发症的发生和发展,如糖尿病、代谢综合征、非酒精性脂肪肝、心血管疾病、妊娠并发症、子宫内膜癌和精神心理问题等。目前关于PCOS远期并发症的防治原则包括调整生活方式、改善胰岛素抵抗（IR）、抗炎、降低雄激素水平和恢复规律月经等。近年针刺疗法作为传统医学的特殊疗法广受国内外生殖学者的关注,可作为口服避孕药和降雄激素药等相关治疗药物的替代和补充疗法。     

我国长期照护保险需求影响因素分析——基于江苏省的实证研究

目的:对我国长期照护保险需求的影响因素进行探究,为我国建立完善长期照护保险制度提供参考。方法:以江苏省调研数据为例,采用因子分析、多元回归和Logistic回归等计量方法进行分析。结果:(1)从主观态度角度来看,护理费用、家属支付能力、保险观念、护理需求和慢性病认知均与长期照护保险需求存在正相关关系,并且影响显著;(2)从人口统计学角度来看,文化程度高的居民购买长期照护保险的意愿更高。结论:我国应充分考虑长期照护保险需求的影响因素,提高城乡居民收入,加大宣传力度,鼓励护理机构多层次发展,构建以政府为主导的长期照护服务体系。     

商业保险机构参与长期护理保险经办模式比较——基于北京市海淀区、青岛市的分析

本文从公私合作角度比较商业保险机构参与长期护理保险经办的两种典型模式的异同及应用前景。本文选取了北京市海淀区、青岛市作为典型模式代表。两种模式中商保机构均是由市区政府招标引入,并委托相应机构进行监管,但海淀区模式中商保机构参与度比青岛市模式更深;在盈亏承担方面,海淀区模式比青岛市模式的商保机构承担更多盈亏风险。两种模式的应用前景方面,海淀区模式适合在人口多、经济发达、管理水平高的大城市推广,而青岛市模式更适合在人口规模较小、商业保险机构独立承办风险较大、监管能力较弱的城市实行。     

Effect of 3-year water storage on the performance of one-step self-etch adhesives applied actively on dentine

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of the application method on the immediate and 3-year resin-dentine bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) for 3 one-step self-etch adhesives (Adper Prompt L-Pop; Clearfil S³ Bond and Xeno III).

Methods

The occlusal enamel of 42 human molars were removed to expose a flat dentine surface. The adhesives were applied under inactive or active application. After light-curing (600 mW/cm² for 10 s), composite buildups were constructed incrementally and sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm²) to be tested in tension immediately or after 3 years of water storage of water storage. For NL, 2 bonded sticks from each tooth at each time were coated with nail varnish, placed in silver nitrate and polished down with SiC paper. The μTBS data was submitted to a two-way repetead mesures ANOVA and Tukey's test for each adhesive (α = 0.05).

Results

The active application showed higher immediate and 3-year μTBS than the inactive application (p < 0.05). An increase in the silver nitrate deposition was seen for all conditions after 3 years; however this was more pronounced for all materials under inactive application (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The active application improves the immediate bonding performance of the adhesive systems. Reductions of the bond strength were observed for all materials after 3 years, however reduced degradation rate was observed when the materials are applied actively in dentine.     

Critical features of periodontal flaps with regard to blood clot stability: A review

BackgroundWound healing is a multifactorial procedure involving different cell types and biological mediators. The principles of wound healing are also applicable to periodontal tissues. The formation and stability of blood clots play a vital role in successful healing of wounds in periodontal tissues. The aim of the present review was to highlight the vital factors of periodontal flaps associated with blood clot stability.HighlightThe data on periodontal regeneration and wound healing have evolved greatly in light of several factors, including space for blood clots and blood clot stabilization. In periodontal osseous defects, the stability of blood clots seems critical to wound healing. If mechanical forces can be managed by wound stabilization, the gingival flap-tooth root interface may show connective tissue repair. However, compromised adhesion is susceptible to mechanical forces and can cause wound breakage and epithelialization.ConclusionThe presence of a thick blood clot may hinder the plasmatic circulation between the recipient bed and graft during the initial stage of healing, which is critical in cases of mucogingival surgery. Root conditioning can also determine the healing consequence by enhancing blood clot adhesion.     

Magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite at immediate implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs

Aim: To evaluate the influence of magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA) (SintLife^®) on bone contour preservation and osseointegration at implants placed immediately into extraction sockets. Material and methods: In the mandibular pre‐molar region, implants were installed immediately into extraction sockets of six Labrador dogs. MHA was placed at test sites, while the control sites did not receive augmentation materials. Implants were intended to heal in a submerged mode. After 4 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed, and ground sections were obtained for histomorphometric evaluation. Results: After 4 months of healing, one control implant was not integrated leaving n=5 test and control implants for evaluation. Both at the test and the control sites, bone resorption occurred. While the most coronal bone‐to‐implant contact was similar between test and control sites, the alveolar bony crest outline was maintained to a higher degree at the buccal aspect of the test sites (loss: 0.7 mm) compared with the control sites (loss: 1.2 mm), even though this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The use of MHA to fill the defect around implants placed into the alveolus immediately after tooth extraction did not contribute significantly to the maintenance of the contours of the buccal alveolar bone crest. To cite this article:
Caneva M, Botticelli D, Stellini E, Souza SLS, Salata LA, Lang NP. Magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite at immediate implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22 , 2011; 512–517
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02040.x